C-BANDING PATTERNS AND ALLOCATION OF ALLICIN GENES ON CHROMOSOMES OF TWO GARLIC CULTIVARS
Abstract
In order to study c-banding patterns and the allocation of the allicin gene on Garlic chromosomes, some cytological examinations on two Garlic cultivars (Egaseed 2 and AZO 3) were done. The diploid number of plants of the two studied cultivars was 2n = 16 without numerical aberrations. Considerable differences in heterochromatic C-banding patterns (including number, size, and intensity) between the interphase and prophase stages and among the plants of the two studied garlic cultivars were also observed. The interphase cells of a bolter cultivar (Egaseed 2) showed two C-band blocks, while only one heavy large C-band block was seen at the prophase. Likewise, three large C-bands were found at the interphase of a non-bolter cultivar (AZO 3), while two large blocks were observed at the prophase. No valuable variations of C-banding patterns were observed in the metaphase chromosomes between the two studied cultivars. C-bands were mainly scattered in the interstitial region on the short arm of both the 6th and 7th chromosomes. On the other hand, four FISH signals of Allicin genes localized in four different compartments were observed at the interphase stage of the Egaseed 2 cultivar. Likewise, four FISH signals were localized on four metaphase chromosomes of the Egased 2 cultivar. Three FISH signals of Allicin genes were detected in three different compartments at interphase cells of the AZO 3 cultivar. In the same manner, three signals were scattered on three metaphase chromosomes. It could be concluded that the considerable differences in the number and allocation of allicin genes along with bolter and non-bolter garlic genomes are crucial and may play an esential role in the future study of gene mapping.
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