SOMACLONAL VARIATION FROM MATURE EMBRYO EX- PLANTS OF SOME EGYPTIAN BARLEY GENOTYPES
Abstract
Somaclonal variation is used to describe the occurrence of genetic variants derived from in vitro procedures; it is also called culture-induced variation. Many plant biotechnology applications use plant tissue culture as a tool, and the unpredictable nature of these variations represents a serious problem, especially for the commercial applications of such technology. Such variations in micro propagated material, such as genetic and epigenetic modifications, need to be characterized. Biochemical genetic analysis (protein and isozymes) and molecular genetic analysis (RAPD-PCR) were applied to study somaclonal variations in three barley genotypes (El-Kasr, G130 and G126). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the establishment of an influence of different media composition on the embryogenic response and regeneration of the different barley genotypes. Biochemical and molecular genetic analysis of protein, isozymes and RAPD-PCR proved to be efficient tools for detecting the occurrence of somaclonal variation in the three barley genotypes El-kasr, G126 and G130.
References
Abumhadi N., Kamenarova K., Todorovska E., Dimov G., Trifonova A., Gecheff K., Atanassov A. (2005). Callus induction and plant regeneration from barley mature embryos (Hordeum vulgare L.). Biotechnol.andBiotechnol. Eq., 19 : 32-38.
Atanassov L., Todorovska E., Trifonova A. and Petrova M. (1998). Investigation of the somaclonal and mutagen induced variability in barley by the applicationof protein and DNA markers. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 29: 21-31.
Aydin M., Arslan E., Sinan M., Gaspinar T., Karadayi G. and Agar G. (2016). Analyses of somaclonal variation in endosperm-supported mature embryo culture of rye (Secalecereale L.), 30: 1082-1089.
Breiman A., Abarbanell D. R., Karp A. and Shaskin H. (1987). Heritable somaclonal variation in wild barley (Hordeumspontaneum). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 74: 104-112.
Ciulca A., Sorin C., Emilian M., Sorina M. and Cerasela P. (2010). RAPD analysis of genetic variation among some winter barley cultivars. Romanian Biotechnological Letter, 15: 119.
Cooper D. B., Sears R. G., Lookhart G. L. and Jones B. L. (1986). Heritable somaclonal variation in gliadin proteins of wheat plants derived from immature embryo callus culture. Theor. Appl. Genet., 71: 784-790.
Graham R. C., U. Lundholm and M. J. Karnovsky (1964).Cyto-chemical determination of peroxidase activity with 3 - amino – 9 ethylcarba- zole. J. Histochem.Cytochem., 13: 150-152.
Kole, P. C., Visva B. and Sriniketan P. O. (2006).Variability, correlation and regression analysis in third somaclonal generation of barley. Barley Genetics Newsletter, 36: 44-47.
Križman M., Jernej J., Baričevič D., Javornik B. and Prosek M. (2006). Robust CTAB-activated charcoal protocol for plant DNA extraction. Act. Agriculture Slovenica, 87, .
Murashige T. and Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for RAPD growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant, 15: 473-497.
Nan Z., Weizhong L. U. and Meirong G. E. (1991). Isozyme analysis regarding somaclonal variation in wheat. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences Cnki, ISSN: 1000-4440.0. 03-003.
Ruíz M. L., Rueda J., Peláez M. I., Espino F. J., Candela M., Sendino A. M. and Vázquez A. M. (2002). Somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration and somaclonal variation in barley. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 28 : 97-101.
Scandalios, J. C. (1964). Tissue-specific isozyme variations in maize. J. Hered., 55: 281-285.
Stegman H., Burgermeister W., Frankcksen H. and Krogerreckenfort E. (1985).Manual of gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing with the apparatus.Inst. Bchem. Messeweg, 11: D-3300. Braunschweig, West Germany.
Temel A.,G. Kartaland and N. Gozukirmizi (2014). Genetic and epigenetic variations in barley callicultures, 911-914.
Wang Q. M. and Wang L. (2012). An evolutionary view of plant tissue culture: somaclonal variation and selection. Plant Cell Rep., 31: 1535-1547.
Williams J. G. K., Kubelik A. R., Livak K. J., Rafalski J. A. and Tingey S. V. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Research, 18: 6531-6535.
