EFFICACY OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN BANANA MICROPROPAGATION AND THEIR EFFECT ON DNA CHANGE
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) minimize contamination and enhance proliferation and multiplication of banana through micropropagation. The effect of TiO2NPs on banana tissue culture (micropropagation cultivar Grand Nain) as well as on banana DNA was studied using different concentrations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L). DNA was extracted from the regenerated plantlets along with the normal plant. TiO2NPs (5 mg/L) decreased the contamination and browning percentage of banana cultures to the minimum degree concentration (0%). In addition, all micropropagation traits (ten traits) were improved obviously at a concentration of 6 mg/L of nanoparticles TiO2NPs comparing to the control and the other concentrations of TiO2NPs. Eleven primers of each RAPD and ISSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity and consequently the effect of TiO2NPs on banana DNA change. According to cluster analysis, the normal plant was separated from the other treatments at a level of similarity of 48% (for RAPD markers) and 57% (for ISSR markers). The nearest plant to the normal one was the plant obtained from the concentration 1 mg/L then 2 mg/L TiO2NPs. The amplified fragments differed in normal micropropagated banana from samples obtained from the TiO2NPs treatments. This means that application of nanoparticles TiO2NPs in banana tissue culture causes DNA change which could be genetic or/and epigenetic and consequently, could or could not affect the final product of banana plants. It could be concluded that DNA change is affected by application of nanoparticles in plant tissue cultures. This is the first report discussing the effect of TiO2NPs on DNA change of the tissue culture-propagated banana. Although nanoparticles are beneficial in plant tissue culture micropropagation and in minimizing bacterial contamination in tissue culture, there are some issues with plant DNA change and precursors limitations that should be taken in consideration before deciding to use them.
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