MITOTIC BEHAVIOUR INDUCED BY GAMMA RADIATION AND ITS REFLECTION ON THE VEGETATIVE AND FRUIT TRAITS OF THE SWEET MELON CV. KAHERA 6.
Abstract
Radiation used as a mutagenic agent in many experiments and the induced mutation is a good tool for plant improvement. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various doses of gamma radiation on emergence percentage, vegetative growth and fruit characteristics as well as, their ability to induce mitotic chromosomal aberrations on seeds of local cultivar of sweet melon (Kahera-6). Generally, the results showed that 500 Gy treatment gave the lowest value of emergence percentage (30%) while the highest values of emergence percentage were given by 0, 100 and 200 Gy treatments. Plants treated with different doses of gamma rays exhibited variable values of vegetative and fruit characteristics compared to the control (0 Gy). Low doses did not caused harmful effects compared to high doses which have drastic effects on most studied characteristics. Our cytogenetic results showed that seeds treated with different doses of gamma radiation exhibited a significant reduction in mitotic index values as compared with the control. Different doses of gamma radiation induced many types of mitotic chromosomal aberrations such as; lagging chromosomes, chromosomal bridges, chromosomal fragments, outside chromosome, stickiness and micronuclei in Cucumis melo cv. Kahera-6. In general, our results indicated that the total mitotic aberrations increased gradually with increasing the doses of the gamma radiation. Finally, it could be concluded that using of gamma radiation in this study induced genetic variation, which was reflected on vegetative and yield characters. Using of gamma rays may produce a desired mutant that could be used in plant breeding or improvement programs of sweet melon.
In conclusion Studying the effect of various doses of gamma radiation on field emergence %, vegetative growth and fruit characteristics as well as, their ability to induce mitotic chromosomal aberrations on seeds of local cultivar of sweet melon (Kahera-6) was conducted in the present work. Results showed that all doses have influence on seed emergence and all other tested characters. The 500Gy dose gave the lowest emergence percentage compared with control and all other doses. Generally, seeds irradiated with gamma rays doses gave different values in all tested vegetative characters in both seasons when compared with control (0Gy). Seeds irradiated with 200Gy of gamma rays gave the highest values of fruit characteristics compared with control and other doses through the two tested seasons. On the other side, seeds treated with all gamma rays doses exhibited a significant reduction in mitotic index values as compared with control. Different types of mitotic chromosomal aberrations such as lagging chromosomes, chromosomal bridges, chromosomal fragments, outside chromosome, stickiness and micronuclei have been observed. Data indicated that the total mitotic aberrations increased gradually with increasing doses of the gamma rays. This increasing was significant as compared with control. Seeds irradiated with 500Gy of gamma rays had the highest value of total aberration (1.84%) compared with all other doses and control (0.20%), while treatment with 100Gy gave the lowest value (0.59%) compared with all other doses. Finally, it could be concluded that irradiation of sweet melon (Kahera-6) seeds with different doses of gamma rays induced mitotic chromosomal aberrations which may be reflect on vegetative and fruit characters and produce a desired mutant that could be used in plant breeding or crop improvement programs.
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