GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOME MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GENOTYPES ON THE BASIS OF GENE ACTION AND RAPD MARKERS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Abstract
The range of mean performance of studied characters was quite wide among all genotypes under normal and drought conditions. Highly significant differences existed among nine parental maize lines and their 20 F1's, revealing a large amount of variability among them under both environments. The significant of mean square of parents vs. crosses observed, indicating the importance of heterotic values and non additive genetic variance in the inheritance of these traits. Some lines and their F1's crosses showed drought susceptibility index (DSI) values less than one revealing relative drought resistance. The results showed that the magnitudes of non-additive genetic variance (σ2D) were larger than those of additive ones (σ2A), indicating that non additive gene action was pronounced in the inheritance of traits. Therefore, these promising crosses could be used and utilized in maize breeding program to improve these traits under different conditions. This finding could be emphasized by the estimate values of narrow sense heritability. A total of 48 bands were polymorphic across the entire samples with an average of 76.14%. The phylogenetic tree based on RAPD markers showed that the genotypes were separated into two main groups, in which line A3 was separated from the other lines in the first group with a branched-off 77% level of similarity. The other lines were clustered together in the second group, which sub-divided into four sub-groups with a breached-off 82% genetic similarity. The phylogenetic tree based on morphological characters showed that the similarity percent ranged from 70.1% to 96.9%.References
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