EFFECT OF GENOTYPES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID (2,4-D) LEVELS ON WHEAT'S IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE RESPONSE
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to study the effects of genotype, levels of 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phynoxyacetic acid) concentrations and their interaction on immature embryo induction in wheat. In addition, to partition the phenotypic variances presented in this process to its components and subsequently, estimating the heritability percentages for in vitro traits. The genetic materials used in this study were six varieties. Three varieties belong to the species (Triticum aestivum L.) and another three varieties belong to the species (Triticum durum L.). These genotypes were in vitro evaluated for immature embryos culture ability at three levels of 2,4-D. The results showed the presence of significant differences among genotypes at the three levels of 2,4-D for all in vitro traits except for responding embryos and number of regenerated plants at B level as well as number of tillers per plant at A and B levels. Furthermore, levels and genotype x levels interaction of mean squares were highly significant with respect to all the studied in vitro traits except in a few cases. This indicates that these genotypes gave different response at different 2,4-D levels. The results revealed that greatest percentages values for responding embryo, green points, number of plantlets, plant height and root length were recorded for Benysweif 5. In addition, Sohag 3 was the best variety for responding embryos, callus weight and number of calli. Whereas, the greatest values for plant weight and number of tiller were observed in Benysweif 4. Therefore, durum varieties are more suitable for immature embryo culture compared to aestivum varieties. Furthermore, the results revealed that the genetic variation were high and positive for most of studied traits. This finding is emphasized by the heritability values, which were more than 60% for all studied traits except for responding embryos, plant weight and number of tillers/plant. In addition, the values of genetic levels of interaction variations were high and positive in all studied in vitro traits. This finding explains the low values of heritability in these traits as well as the genes control these traits are highly affected by media compositions.References
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