BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BOTTLE GOURD (Lagenaria siceraria) CULTIVAR
Abstract
Bottle gourd is annual herbs (Edwin-Wosu and Ndukwu, 2008). The leaves of bottle gourd are alternate and variable. The flowers are unisexual and white; they are present on the same plant (monoecious). The fruit have bottle shape. It has white pulp, often is an indehiscent gourd (hard-shelled). Bottle gourd fruit is traditionally use for its cardio protective, cardio tonic, general tonic and aphrodisiac properties. It is also use in treatment of various allergic and inflammatory disorders like bronchial asthma, rhinitis, bronchitis and rheumatism (Gangwal et al., 2010).
There are about 18 genera and 75 species of this family in Southern Africa. Beside the range of species already cultivated, many species are known to occur in the wild (at least six of such species) with their nutritional potential and other uses apparently unknown. There is a need to develop accurate data, and to put in place more effort toward the cultivation, improvement and conservation of various cucurbits germplasm (Edwin-Wosu and Ndukwu, 2008)
Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species, that is, the heritable variation within and between populations. Other kinds of genetic diversity can also be identifying at all levels of organization in the nucleus, including the amount of DNA per cell, chromosome number and DNA structure (Tasrif et al., 2004).
The advent of molecular biology techniques has provided another dimension to detect genetic polymorphism based on protein or DNA facilitating in biological research branches such as phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy and genetic diversity (Williams et al., 1990; Saghai et al., 1994). In this regards, proteins and enzymes polymorphism have been successfully used to identify cultivars in various fruit and crop species, including Bottle gourd (Upadhyay and Ram, 2006), sunflower (Raymond et al., 1995), Cucurbitaceae species (Pasha and Sen, 2003), Populus spp. (Su and Su, 1999) and Acacia (Ahmed et al., 2003). On the other hand, many investigators employed RAPD-PCR to assay genetic fingerprint and diversity in wide range of plants such as Artemisia (Sangwan et al., 1999) and Juniperus (Ashworth and Obriedand, 1999). In addition, ISSR-PCR are used for the same purpose in plants such as Cucurbita species (Heikal et al., 2008), Cauliflower (Bornet et al., 2002), Plantago (Wolf and Morgan, 1998) and Almis (King and Ferris, 2000).
The aim of this study is to determine the biochemical (protein SDS-PAGE and isozyme) and molecular (RAPD and ISSR-PCR) properties in different species of Bottle gourd.
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