AN APPROACH FOR IMPROVING STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF stevia rebaudiana In vitro
Abstract
Nowadays, Stevia rebaudiana leaves have attracted economic interest as a natural non-nutritive, non-toxic, high-intensity sweeteners as well as its therapeutic benefits. The aim of the study was established an efficient regeneration protocol to improve stevia's sweetness with enhancing productivity of stevia leaves as well as to evaluate the possible suitability of this technique to be applied to rapid production. The young leaves and hypocotyl of Stevia rebaudiana namely Spanti explants were cultured on a MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combination of NAA, 2,4-D and BAP as plant growth regulators. The results showed that leaf explants obtained highest callus formation (100%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA while callus formation from hypocotyl explants was (92.5%) on MS medium contains 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/l NAA. Callus derived hypocotyl failed to differentiate, while callus resulting from young leaf explants were differentiated into shoots on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l BAP. MS containing 1 mg/l BAP and1 mg/l 2,4D showed best results in steviol glycoside components and high rebaudioside A (RA) (24.22 mg/g callus) yield comparing with other used media under inoculation for 18 hrs light. Also this media gave the high rate of RA over stevioside (1.33) as an indicator of leaves quality with the sweetness intensity rate under the same experimental conditions. Medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA was suitable for rooting stevia shoots. Plantlets were acclimatized by 64% in the soil contain beat moss, sand and perlite (1:1:1) under controlled chamber at 28°C for one month which transferred to the green house.
Key words: Non-nutritive, callus formation, hypocotyl explants, steviol glycoside.
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