GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SOME Vicia narbonensis L. VARIETIES AS REVEALED BY KARYOTYPE AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS
Abstract
The genus Vicia belongs to the Legumes, family leguminosae which is considered one of the largest families of flowering Plants and repre- sents tremendous morphological, ecologi- cal and genetic diversity. It includes approximately 140 species (Weber and Schifino-Wittman, 1999) in which Vicia narbonensis L. (narbon bean) is one of an annual leguminous species with the potential to become an important grain and straw crop for animal feed. The understanding of the interpretation of evolutionary pathway depends on karyo- type studies are of a particular importance. V. narbonensis represents a species with relatively large genome (7.3 Pg/1C) (Navrátilová et al., 2003) and the previous studies revealed that all accessions of V. narbonensis have one karyotype (Perino and Pignome, 1981; Singh and Lelley, 1982; Cremonini et al., 1998a; Ashour et al., 2005). Others found different karyotype formulae for some accessions (Svesschnikova, 1927; Yamamoto, 1973; Cremonini et al., 1998b; Koul et al., 1999; Navrátilová et al., 2003). The use of gel electrophoresis of seed protein in phylogeny is supported by the fact that mature seeds posses the same protein components unchanged with age or environmental stress, and thus provide valid evidence for genetic relatedness (Crawford, 1990). Sammour (1987) car- ried out a comparative study on seed proteins of a number of wild Vicia species and its varieties. The study showed variation among V. narbonensis var. Aegyptiaca, which originated from V. narbonensis var. narbonensis and V. narbonensis var jordanica. El-Badan (2003) found close similarity in the seed protein profiles of the cultivated Vicia species and Vicia narbonensis var narbonensis indicated that this species can be considered as the immediate progenitor of V. faba. The previous studies confirmed that V. narbonensis is the closest genome of the wild species to V. faba and may share some common gene loci from a common ancestor and evolved in different pathways (Ashour et al., 2005). Consequently, for breeding and seed production, reliable genotype identification is necessary.
In this study seeds of V. narbonen- sis from 9 locations in the Middle East were used for karyological and protein analysis. This study aims to clarify the genetic diversity among V. narbonensies varieties collected from different geo- graphical regions and to join three unknown V. narbonensis varieties to their similar group (variety) based on karyo- type and protein analysis.
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