COMPREHENSIVE AGRONOMIC AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES IN VARIOUS EGYPTIAN ENVIRONMENTS
Abstract
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that all of the traits evaluated showed significant (P ≤ 0.05 and 0.01) differences in the different environments, genotypes, and the interaction of genotype × environment; consequently, there was considerable variability in the genetic make-up and differential response to environmental conditions of the activities of these twelve genotypic types of bread wheat grown. For the third environment tested, the heading date was the earliest; however, in the first and second environments, these two locations showed a superior performance in plant height, biological yield, grain yield, spike length, number of spikes/row, and 100 grain weight than the third location. Six genotypes, specifically lines (1, 2, 13, 35, 37, and 38), yielded higher grain yield than Giza 164, the commercial standard variety; thus demonstrating the potential to improve the overall genetic quality of the wheat crop. The use of 10 SCoT primers to carry out molecular analysis produced 67 Amplifications with 89.12% Polymorphism, demonstrating to be very efficient markers for the genetic difference. The genetic distance values corresponded with a high correlation with a high degree of phenotypic variation. In conclusion, both agronomic evaluation and efficient utilization of SCoT markers, genetic distance, and phenotypic variation are expected to be of substantial benefit in improving wheat.
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