ESTABLISHMENT OF HIGHLY REPRODUCIBLE PROTOCOL OF HARMAL (PEGANUM HARMALA L.) THROUGH IN VITRO PROPAGATION
Abstract
Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been essential to human civilization, and they are still essential now. Peganum harmala L. regarded as one of the most significant medicinal plants. This perennial herb is indigenous to Central Asia and the Mediterranean region and is a member of the Nitraraiceae family. Peganum harmala L. is widely distributed in Egypt along the left bank of the Mediterranean, in Sinai, the Eastern Desert, and in open areas with disturbed ground. Recent reports indicate that this plant contain beta-carbolines alkaloids such as harmaline, harmine and harmalol therefore, it has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The main challenges to the sustainable propagation and supply of this valuable herb are the short seed viability period and unrestricted large collection. In this study for multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration of Peganum harmala L. has been successfully developed using shoot apex and cotyledonary node explants. This study also demonstrates that preconditioning of explant stimulates production of multiple shoots from shoot apex explant were excised from seedlings germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with benzylamino purine (BAP)1.0 mg/l and subsequently cultured on MS media with 0.5 mg/l BAP exhibited higher multiple shoot development than the cotyledonary explants, which, produced 8.1 shoots/explant (93.3%) and had no hyper-hydricity among all treatments. After cultivation on MS with 0.5 mg/l IAA followed by cultivation on hormone-free MS medium, roots were produced with an efficiency of (84%). Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized at the greenhouse conditions (25±2 °C).
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