GENOTOXICITY AND BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM BENZOATE AND SOME FUNGAL STRAINS ON Drosophila melanogaster
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (E211) used as a food additive was researched on Drosophila melanogaster (Tanta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Mansoura, Alexandria, Canton-S, and OR strains) and fungi strains from (Aspergillus species, Trichoderma species, Penicillium spp). Adult and larvae in third larvae stages were treated with medium of Drosophila which was mixed with different concentrations of sodium benzoate (SB) 0.007, 0.012, 0.037. 0.050. 0.075g. Mortality and sex ratio were affected with this treated so in fifth generation F5 in the number of flies and the sexual ratio that reached zero (0%) in the highest concentration of benzoate (0.075 g) in Kafr El-Sheikh flies and the mortality reached its highest rate in the highest concentration of sodium benzoate which was 98.03%. In the ninth and final generation (F9) of the Tanta flies. Behaviour experiments choice were curry out on third larvae after treated with different fungal species concentrations. Sodium benzoate (SB) concentrations from 0.007 g to 0.075 g recorded avoidance in different generations about more than -7 in Tanta, Mansoura, and Alexandria strains at 8 minutes. Rail time PCR (Rt. PCR) was used to determine gene expression of Im1 and Im2 genes, gene expression was zero for highest BS concentration for Im1 gene in Alexandria flies in the sixth generation, while was 4.52 compared the control (1.0) for Im2 gene. Im1 and Im2 genes (PCR product) were run in gel electrophoresis. Results led to genetics, behaviour and toxicity effects to SB on Drosophila melanogaster and the over load to fungi strains on the Drosophila behaviour through the effect of their genes. Thus, it affected flies mortality, sex ratio and behaviour, as well as the gene expression of its immune response Im1 and Im2 genes.
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