GENETIC DIVERSITY IN OLD AND MODERN EGYPTIAN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES REVEALED BY SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS

Authors

  • KH. F. M. SALEM Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), P. O. Box, 79, Sadat City, Sadat City University, Egypt
  • M. Z. MATTAR Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to assess genetic diversity within old and modern bread wheat varieties cultivated in Egypt and to find out whether old Egyptian varieties could be a potential source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding in Egypt. A set of 33 varieties was analyzed using 17 SSR markers, determining 17 loci located on 15 different chromosomes. A total of 66 and 82 alleles were detected with an average of 3.88 and 4.82 alleles in both old and modern wheat varieties, respectively. The average genetic diversity value was 0.617 in old varieties while in modern varieties it was 0.652. Compared to old varieties, the modern varieties showed the highest number of alleles for the three wheat genomes 30, 28 and 24 (genome B, A & D), respectively. Regarding the average genetic richness, the modern varieties showed higher number of alleles/locus 5, 4.8 and 4.67 (genome B, A & D), respectively than that in the old varieties. As for genetic diversity, the modern varieties showed higher genetic diversity 0.703, 0.635 and 0.617 (genome B, A & D), respectively. Indeed, the B genome showed the highest diversity. In generally, homologous group 7 possessed the highest average of allelic numbers, while group 2 was the lowest for both modern and old varieties. Cluster analysis was conducted based on SSRs data to group the bread wheat varieties and to construct a dendrogram. Two groups can be distinguished by truncating the dendrogram at GS value of 0.25.

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Published

2016-01-23

Issue

Vol. 43 No. 1 (2014)

Section

Articles