IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS LINKED WITH SOME HORTICULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME OLIVE (Olea europaea L.) CULTIVARS
Abstract
New olive vegetative clone namely (Clone AO13) and two olive cultivars namely (Manzanillo and Picual) grown in the orchard of the Abou Tesht region, Qena governorate, were examined and evaluated during 2011 and 2012 seasons for some of their vegetative, flowering, fruit set characteristics and fruit properties i.e. shoot length, leaf area, flower density, inflorescence length, total number of flowers per inflorescence, sexual expression%, initial fruit set%, horticulture fruit set%, fruit drop%, fruit weight (g) and pulp/fruit%. RAPD-PCR (polymerase chain reaction randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis was performed to assess the genetic variation for these characteristics between two olive cultivars and clone AO13. The obtained results showed that, the leaf area was highest in Picual cv. followed by the other two cultivars. In Manzanillo cv. flower density and total number of flowers per inflorescence were the highest values compared to the other two cultivars, but, Clone AO13 gave the highest value of the sexual expression%, especially in the first season, Clone AO13 was the highest in initial fruit set followed by the other two cultivars. On the other hand, there were no significant differences among studied cultivars in the horticulture fruit set% as well as fruit weight and pulp/fruit%. Dendrogram tree generated across RAPD analysis demonstrated that, the three tested olive cultivars in this study were highly similar at the DNA level. The highest similarity value was observed between Manzanillo and Picual cultivars (86.1%), while the lowest similarity was recorded between Manzanillo cv. and Clone AO13 (77.5%). Some RAPD markers may be linked to some flowering and fruit set characteristics such as sexual expression% (two primers A17- 650 bp and C12- 700 bp), initial fruit set% (six primers, from B12 at 180 bp to B18 at 750 bp) and fruit drop% (seven primers, from B12 at 190 bp to M02 at 800 bp)References
Arumuganathan, K. and E. D. Earle (1991). Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 9: 208-218.
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1995): Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC) 14th Ed, Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, DC, USA, p 490-510.
Baig, M. N. R., S Grewal and S. Dhillon (2009). Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of citrus cultivars by RAPD markers. Turk. J. Agric., 33: 375-384.
Barranco, D. and L. Rallo (1985). Las variedades de olivo cultivadas en España. Olivae, 9: 16-22.
Damodaran, T., D. R. Singh., G. K. Dev., A. Balasubramanian., M. Kavino and R. P. Medhi (2009). Genetic diversity analysis among the open pollinated clones of mango in Andaman and Nicobar Islands using RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 66: 13-17.
Das, B. K, R. C. Jena and K. C. Samal (2009). Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR protocol for RAPD analysis of banana/plantain (Musa spp.). International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 1: 21-25.
El-Khawaga, A. S. A. (2001). Comparative studies on some olive cultivars grown in different environmental conditions. PhD. Thesis, Assiut Univ., Egypt, p. 183.
Fabbri, A., J. I. Hormaza and V. S. Polito (1995). Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis of Olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 120: 538-542.
Fouad, M. M., O. A. Kilany and M. E. El-Said (1992).Comparative studies on flowering, fruit set and yield of some olive cultivars under Giza conditions. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci., 7: 630-644.
Guillaume Besnard, Catherine Breton, Philippe Baradat, Bouchaib Khadari and André Bervillé1 (2001). Cultivar identification in olive based on RAPD markers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 126: 668-675.
Hamdy, M. E. A. (2003). Development of molecular genetic fingerprints for Olive trees (Olea europaea). PhD. Thesis, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt. p 101.
Hegazi, E. S. and G. R. Stino (1982). Dormancy, flowering and sex expression in 20 olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) under Giza conditions. Acta Agrobotanica, 35: 79-85.
Hosseini-Mazinani, S. M. and S. M. Samaee (2004). Evaluation of Olive Germplasm in Iran on the Basis of Morphological Traits: Assessment of ‘Zard’ and ‘Rowghani’ Cultivars. Proc. XXVI IHCIVth Int. Symp. Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants Ed. C. G. Davidson and P. Trehane. Acta Hort., 634.
Ismail, O. M. M. (2003) Use of Biotechnology Markers to Detect some Economically Important Characteristics for some Mango Cultivars. PhD. Thesis, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, p 97.
Lavi, U., P. Cregan, T. Schaap and J. Hillel (1994). Application of DNA markers for identification and breeding of perennial fruit crops. Plant Breeding Reviews, 7: 159-226.
Maklad, M. F. M. (2012). Self incompatibility phenomenon in some mango cultivars. PhD. Thesis, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt, p 166.
Sesli, M. and E. D. Yeğenoğlu (2009a). Genetic analysis on wild olives by using RAPD markers. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 707-712.
Sesli, M. and E. D. Yeğenoğlu (2009b). RAPD-PCR analysis of cultured type olives in Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 3418-3423.
Sesli, M. and E. D. Yeğenoğlu (2010). RAPD assay of wild-type olives in Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research, 9: 966-972.
Soliman, S. S., B. A. Ali and M. M. M. Ahmed (2003). Genetic comparisons of Egyptian date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by RAPD-PCR. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 86-87.
Schnell, R. J., C. M. Ronning and R. J. Knight (1995). Identification of cultivars and validation of genetic relationships in Mangifera indica L. using RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 90: 269-274.
Sneath, P. H. A. and R. R. Sokal (1973). Numerical Taxonomy. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran (1972). Statistical Methods. 6th ed. The Iowa State Univ., Press, Iowa, USA.
Tanksley, S., N. Young, A. Patrson and M. Bonierbale (1989). RFLP mapping in plant breeding new tools for an old science. Bio Technology, 7: 257-264.
Tapia, C. E., H. G. and M. A. G. Espinosa (2005). Genetic characterization of pineapple (Ananas spp.) accessions by RAPD and ISSR. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 28: 187-194.
Welsh, J. and M. McClelland (1990). Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucl. Acids Res., 18: 7213-7218.
Williams, J. G. K, A. R. Kubelik, K. J. Livak, J. A. Rafalski and S. V. Tingey (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl. Acids Res., 18: 6531-6535.
