ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOSAFETY OF THE BIOINSECTICIDE AGERIN ON DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Abstract
Effect of AGREIN on the mitotic behavior was studied in Vicia faba. AGREIN was tested by the following concentrations "1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 " g/L which showed high rats of aberrations in most phases of mitotic division and the highest incidence of aberration was 26% after treating with the highest concentration comparing with the control. As for the effect of AGREIN on the meiotic behaviors of Vicia faba, the rate of aberration increased with increasing the concentration on both the first and the second meiosis and the highest percentage obtained was 46% with the highest concentration comparing with the control. AGERIN induced considerable alterations in the electrophoritic profiles of the seed proteins of Vicia faba. The maximum number of bands was 17. Comparison between the treated samples and the control revealed the existence of some variations in the protein banding pattern between the treated samples on the mice treated with doses of "1.5, 2.5 and 3.5" g/L of AGREIN. The electrophoresis patterns of mice liver protein indicated that the maximum number of bands was 24 and some protein bands existed in control and disappeared in the treated groups and vice versa. Tumer suppressor gene p53 was affected by treating the mice with the three doses of AGERIN which revealed the occurrence of mutation. Such mutation could reflect a serious hazard to those handling this bio-insecticide.References
Abdel Salam, A. Z. E., Wafaa A. M. Abdel-Naby, A. A. El-Gohary and Hanan M. Abd El-Glill (2000). Mutagenic effect of current application of pesticides on some cotton varieties. 2nd Arab Cong. Genet. Biotech., 239-265.
Abdel-Tawab, F. M., M. A. Rashed, A. Bahieldin and Nermin M. Abdel-Gawad (1998). Molecular markers associated with tumorogenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in male mice. International Congress on Molecular Genetics.
Ankrah, N. A., P. G. Addo, C. A. Abrahams, F. A. Ekuban and N. M. Addae (1993). Cooperative effects of aflatoxin G1 and B1 at levels within human exposure limits on mouse liver and kidney Wst. Afr. J. Med. 12: 105-109.
British Columbia Ministry of Health (1992). Bacillus thuringiensis, Unpublished Report. (December 3).
Carrie, Swadener (1994). Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.) Journal of Pesticide Reform, Vol. 14, No.3.
De Barjac, H. and E. Erachon (1990). Classification of Bacillus thurisgiensis strains. Entomophaga, 35: 233-240.
El-Ashry, Zeinab M. (2002). Effects of vitamin A on phosphamidon-induced mutagensis in Vicia faba L. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol., 31: 303-316.
El-Ashry, Zeinab M. (2003). Vitamin C antimutagenic effect against genotoxicity of cadmium chloride in Vicia faba. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol., 32: 89-99.
Ellis, R. (1991). BTK Umpublished report. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: prairie Pest Management. (January).
El-Sherbeny, K. M., F. I. Mohamed and M. H. Abou-Deif (2002). Genotoxic effect of insecticide cascade in mice and Vicia faba. Egypt. J. Genet. Cytol., 31: 135-150.
Entwistle, P. F. (1993). Bacillus thruingiensis, An environmental Biopesticide. Theory and practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Feitelson, J. S., J. Payne and L. Kim (1992). Bacillus thuringiensis: Insect sand beyond. Biology Technology, 10: 271-275.
Foster, P. L., E. Eisentadt and J. H. Miller (1983). Substitution mutations induced by metabolically activated aflatoxin B1. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 80: 2695-2693.
Frantivsek, M., V. Matha and J. Weiser (1989). Analysis of the Genotoxic Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis -Exotoxin by Means of the Drosophila Wing Spot Test. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 53: 347-353.
Gert, B. J., P. Larsen, B. L. Jacobsen, B. Madsen, L. Smidt and L. Andrup (2002). Bacillus thuringiensis in Fecal Samples from Greenhouse workers after exposure to B. thuringiensis, based pesticides. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68: 4900-4905.
Gunnel, C., L. Tikkanen and Abdel Hameed (1995). Safety Testing of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations, including thuringiensin, using the Salmonella assay. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 66: 68-71.
Hollstein, M., D. Sidrarnsky, B. Vogelslum and C. C. Harris (1991). p53 mutations in human cancer. Science, 253: 49-53.
Hollstein, M. C., P. Christopher, B. Francoise, C. Sopa and C. Curtis (1993). p53 mutations and aflatoxin B1 exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma patients from Thai-land Int. Journal of Cancer, 53: 51-55.
Hsu, T. C., R. N. Metcalf, S. J. A. Welsh, N. J. Wang and C. C. Harris (1991). Mutation hotspot in the P53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Nature (Lund), 350: 427-428.
Hussein, S. P. and P. Gerutti (1993). Aflatoxin B1 induces the transversion of G < right arrow> T in codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90: 8586-8590.
Jenkins, J. (1992). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Memo. Subject: Bt. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Service.
Joanne, M. G., D. H. Kemp, R. J. Akhurst, R. D. Pearson and K. Kongsuwan (2005). Identification and characterization of proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis with high toxic activity against the sheep blowfly Lucilia curprina Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 90: 39-46.
Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of head bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227: 680-685.
Lambert, B. and M. Peferoen (1992). Insecticidal promise of Bacillus thuringiensis. Bioscience, 42: 122-122.
Leu, Y. H., J. Taylor, P. Link, G. W. Lucier and C. L. Thompson (1991). Glutathione Stransferase mu in human lymphocyte and liver role in modulating carcinogen-derived DNA adducts. Carcinogense, 12: 2269-2275.
Mobio, T. A., E. Tavan, I. Baudrimont, R. Anane, M. P. Carratu, A. Sanni, M. F. Gbeassor, T. W. F. Shier and E. E. Creppy (2003). Comparative study of the toxic effects of fumonisin B1 in rat C6 glioma cells and p53 null mouse embryo fibro blast. Toxicology, 183: 65-75.
Peter, Y. K. H., R. M. Roe, B. D. Hammock, C. L. Judson and Mary A. Montague (1985). The apparent in vivo neuromuscular effects of the -endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. isaelensis in mice and insects of four orders. Journal of Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 23: 85-94.
Sharma, A. K. and A. Sharma (1980). Chromosome techniques 3rd Ed. London, p. 150-151.
Sharma, C. B. S. R., S. Panigrahi and R. K. Sahu (1977). Mitodepressive activity of two bacterial toxins in the root meristems of Allium cepa Zeitschrift fur Pflanzen-physiologie, 84: 163-166.
Studier, F. W. (1973). Analysis of bacteriophage T2 early RNAs and protein on slab gels. Journal of Molecular Biology 79: 237.
Wang, X. M., J. P. Chen, W. Y. Fu and L. H. Xu (2005). Expression of P53 and Bax in rat liver induced by microcystin LR in vivo. Zhejiang, Da, Xue, Xue, Bao, Yi, Xue, Ban, 34: 220-222.
Wu, A., T. Ren, Q. Hu and Y. Liu (2000). Deltamethrin induces altered expression of p53, Bax and BCl-2 in rat brain. Neurosci, Lett., 284: 29-32.
